{"id":102,"date":"2016-11-15T03:36:49","date_gmt":"2016-11-15T03:36:49","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/blog.espol.edu.ec\/jolureye\/?page_id=102"},"modified":"2016-11-15T03:36:49","modified_gmt":"2016-11-15T03:36:49","slug":"tabla-de-efectos-y-equivalencia-en-explosivo-tnt-segun-la-magnitud-de-los-sismos","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/blog.espol.edu.ec\/jolureye\/tabla-de-efectos-y-equivalencia-en-explosivo-tnt-segun-la-magnitud-de-los-sismos\/","title":{"rendered":"Tabla de efectos y equivalencia en explosivo TNT seg\u00fan la magnitud de los sismos."},"content":{"rendered":"

 <\/p>\n

Efectos t\u00edpicos de los sismos de diversas magnitudes<\/strong><\/h1>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Magnitud (M<\/em>W<\/sub>=Mayores de 6,9<\/span>
\n M<\/em>L<\/sub>=De 2,0 a 6,9)<\/span><\/td>\n		Descripci\u00f3n<\/span><\/td>\nEfectos de un sismo<\/span><\/td>\nFrecuencia de ocurrencia<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Menos de 2,0<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\nMicro<\/span><\/td>\nLos microsismos no son perceptibles.<\/span><\/td>\nAlrededor de 8000 por d\u00eda<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2,0-2,9<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\nMenor<\/span><\/td>\nGeneralmente no son perceptibles.<\/span><\/td>\nAlrededor de 1000 por d\u00eda<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
3,0-3,9<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\nPerceptibles a menudo, pero rara vez provocan da\u00f1os.<\/span><\/td>\n49\u00a0000 por a\u00f1o.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
4,0-4,9<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\nLigero<\/span><\/td>\nMovimiento de objetos en las habitaciones que genera ruido. Sismo significativo pero con da\u00f1o poco probable.<\/span><\/td>\n6\u00a0200 por a\u00f1o.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
5,0-5,9<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\nModerado<\/span><\/td>\nPuede causar da\u00f1os mayores en edificaciones d\u00e9biles o mal construidas. En edificaciones bien dise\u00f1adas los da\u00f1os son leves.<\/span><\/td>\n800 por a\u00f1o.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
6,0-6,9<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\nFuerte<\/span><\/td>\nPueden llegar a destruir \u00e1reas pobladas, en hasta unos 160 kil\u00f3metros a la redonda.<\/span><\/td>\n120 por a\u00f1o.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
7,0-7,9<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\nMayor<\/span><\/td>\nPuede causar serios da\u00f1os en extensas zonas.<\/span><\/td>\n18 por a\u00f1o.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
8,0-8,9<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\nGran<\/span><\/td>\nPuede causar graves da\u00f1os en zonas de varios cientos de kil\u00f3metros.<\/span><\/td>\n1-3 por a\u00f1o.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
9,0-9,9<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\nDevastadores en zonas de varios miles de kil\u00f3metros.<\/span><\/td>\n1-2 en 20 a\u00f1os.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
10,0+<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n\u00c9pico<\/span><\/td>\nNunca registrado; ver tabla de m\u00e1s abajo para el equivalente de energ\u00eda s\u00edsmica.<\/span><\/td>\nEn la historia de la humanidad (y desde que se tienen registros hist\u00f3ricos de los sismos) nunca ha sucedido un terremoto de esta magnitud.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

Escala equivalente a la energ\u00eda liberada<\/strong><\/h1>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Magnitud<\/span>
\n Richter<\/span><\/td>\n		Magnitud<\/span>
\n de momento<\/span><\/td>\n		Equivalencia de<\/span>
\n la energ\u00eda\u00a0TNT<\/a><\/span><\/td>\n		Referencias<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u20131,5<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n1\u00a0g<\/a><\/span><\/td>\nRotura de una roca en una mesa de laboratorio<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
1,0<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n170\u00a0g<\/span><\/td>\nPeque\u00f1a explosi\u00f3n en un sitio de construcci\u00f3n<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
1,5<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n910\u00a0g<\/span><\/td>\nBomba convencional de la\u00a0Segunda Guerra Mundial<\/a><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2,0<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n6\u00a0kg<\/a><\/span><\/td>\nExplosi\u00f3n de un tanque de gas butano<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2,2<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n10\u00a0kg<\/span><\/td>\nAlgunos de los sismos diarios en la Falla de San Andr\u00e9s.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2,5<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n29\u00a0kg<\/span><\/td>\nBombardeo a la ciudad de\u00a0Londres<\/a><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2,7<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n64\u00a0kg<\/span><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
3,0<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n181\u00a0kg<\/span><\/td>\nExplosi\u00f3n de una planta de gas<\/span><\/p>\n

Sismos<\/span> que ocurren diariamente al interior de la\u00a0Regi\u00f3n de Tarapac\u00e1<\/a>\u00a0en\u00a0Chile<\/a>, generalmente no son sensibles por su magnitud.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

3,5<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n455 kg<\/span><\/td>\nExplosi\u00f3n de una\u00a0mina<\/a><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
4,0<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n6\u00a0t<\/a><\/span><\/td>\nBomba at\u00f3mica<\/a>\u00a0de baja potencia.<\/span><\/p>\n

Sismos que ocurren diariamente en la zona fronteriza de\u00a0Chile<\/a>-Argentina<\/a>\u00a0(Regi\u00f3n de Antofagasta<\/a>-Provincia de Jujuy<\/a>-Provincia de Salta<\/a>) a gran profundidad y por lo general no son sensibles.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

5,0<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n199\u00a0t<\/span><\/td>\nBomba nuclear lanzada a Hiroshima<\/span><\/p>\n

Terremoto de\u00a0Albolote<\/a>\u00a0en 1956 (Granada<\/a>\u00a0Espa\u00f1a)<\/span><\/p>\n

Terremoto de Lorca de 2011<\/a>\u00a0(Murcia<\/a>, Espa\u00f1a)<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

5,5<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n500\u00a0t<\/span><\/td>\nTerremoto de El Calvario (Colombia) de 2008<\/span><\/p>\n

Terremoto de Popay\u00e1n 1983 (Colombia)<\/span>
\n Terremoto del R\u00edo de la Plata de 1888<\/a>\u00a0(Buenos Aires<\/a>,\u00a0Argentina<\/a>\u00a0-\u00a0Uruguay<\/a>)<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

6,0<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n1\u00a0270\u00a0t<\/span><\/td>\nTerremoto de Double Spring Flat de 1994 (Nevada<\/a>, Estados Unidos)<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
6,1<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\nTerremoto de Salta de 2010<\/a><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
6,2<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\nTerremoto de Costa Rica de 2009<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

Terremoto del Estado Carabobo (Venezuela) de 2009<\/a><\/span>
\n Terremoto de Managua de 1972<\/a>\u00a0(Nicaragua<\/a>)<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

6,3<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\nTerremoto de mar de Albor\u00e1n de 2016<\/a>\u00a0(Melilla<\/a>, Espa\u00f1a)<\/span><\/p>\n

Terremoto\u00a0Amatrice<\/a>\u00a0(Lacio, Italia<\/a>)<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

6,4<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\nTerremoto de Armenia de 1999<\/a>\u00a0(Armenia<\/a>, Colombia)<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
6,5<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n31\u00a0550\u00a0t<\/span><\/td>\nTerremoto de Northridge de 1994<\/a>\u00a0(California<\/a>, Estados Unidos)<\/span><\/p>\n

Terremoto de Guerrero de 2011<\/a>\u00a0(M\u00e9xico)<\/span>
\n Terremoto de la costa de Tarapac\u00e1 de 2009<\/a>\u00a0(Iquique<\/a>,\u00a0Chile<\/a>)<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

6,6<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n50\u00a0000\u00a0t<\/span><\/td>\nTerremoto de Los Santos de 2015<\/a>\u00a0(Los Santos SD<\/a>, Colombia)<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
6,7<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\nTerremoto de L'Aquila de 2009<\/a>\u00a0(Italia)<\/span><\/p>\n

Terremoto del Per\u00fa de 2011<\/a>\u00a0(Ica, Per\u00fa)<\/span>
\n Terremoto de Veracruz de 2011<\/a>\u00a0(Veracruz, M\u00e9xico)<\/span>
\n Terremoto de Zapallar de 2012<\/a>\u00a0(Zapallar, Chile)<\/span>
\n Terremoto de Tecpan, Guerrero 8 mayo del 2014 Terremoto de la India, al noroeste de la ciudad de Imphal, cerca de Himalaya 4 enero de 2016.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

6,8<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\nTerremoto de Bolivia de 1998 (Aiquile<\/a>, Bolivia)<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
6,9<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\nTerremoto de zona pac\u00edfica en Colombia (Departamentos de Nari\u00f1o, Valle del Cauca y Cauca) 2013<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n7,0<\/span><\/td>\n199\u00a0000\u00a0t<\/span><\/td>\nR\u00e9plica del Terremoto de Iquique de 2014<\/a>\u00a0(Chile)<\/span><\/p>\n

Terremoto de Iquique de marzo de 2014<\/a>\u00a0(Chile)<\/span>
\n Terremoto de Constituci\u00f3n de 2012<\/a>\u00a0(Chile)<\/span>
\n Terremoto de Puerto Pr\u00edncipe de 2010<\/a>\u00a0(Hait\u00ed)<\/span>
\n Terremotos de El Salvador de 2001<\/a><\/span>
\n Terremoto de Tehuac\u00e1n de 1999<\/a>\u00a0(M\u00e9xico)<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n7,1<\/span><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\nTerremoto de\u00a0Biob\u00edo<\/a>-Araucan\u00eda<\/a>\u00a0de 2011 (Chile)<\/span><\/p>\n

Terremoto de Punitaqui de 1997<\/a>\u00a0(Chile)<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n7,2<\/span><\/td>\n250\u00a0000\u00a0t<\/span><\/td>\nTerremoto de Spitak 1988<\/a>\u00a0(Armenia<\/a>)<\/span>
\n Terremoto de Baja California de 2010<\/a>\u00a0(Mexicali, Baja California)<\/span>
\n Terremoto de Ecuador de 2010<\/a>\u00a0(180 kil\u00f3metros de\u00a0Ambato<\/a>)<\/span>Terremoto de Guerrero de 2014<\/a><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n7,3<\/span><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\nTerremoto de Veracruz de 1973<\/a>\u00a0(M\u00e9xico)<\/span><\/p>\n

Terremoto de Xinjiang de 2014<\/a>\u00a0(China)\u00a0Terremoto en Honduras de 2009<\/a>(Honduras)<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n7,4<\/span><\/td>\n550\u00a0000\u00a0t<\/span><\/td>\nTerremoto de La Ligua de 1965<\/a>\u00a0(Chile)<\/span>
\n Terremoto de Guatemala de 2012<\/a><\/span>
\n Terremotos de Guerrero-Oaxaca de 2012<\/a>\u00a0(Oaxaca, M\u00e9xico)<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n7,5<\/span><\/td>\n750\u00a0000\u00a0t<\/span><\/td>\nTerremoto de Caucete 1977<\/a>\u00a0(Argentina)<\/span>
\n Terremoto de Oaxaca de 1999<\/a>\u00a0(M\u00e9xico)<\/span>
\n Terremoto de Guatemala de 1976<\/a><\/span>
\n R\u00e9plica del Terremoto de Iquique de 2014<\/a>\u00a0(Chile)<\/span>
\n Terremoto de Afganist\u00e1n de 2015<\/a><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n7,6<\/span><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\nTerremoto de Colima de 2003<\/a>\u00a0(M\u00e9xico)<\/span>
\n Terremoto de Costa Rica de 2012<\/a><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n7,7<\/span><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\nTerremoto de Lim\u00f3n de 1991<\/a>\u00a0(Lim\u00f3n, Costa Rica y Bocas del Toro, Panam\u00e1)<\/span>
\n Terremoto de Orizaba de 1937<\/a>\u00a0(Veracruz, M\u00e9xico)<\/span>
\n Terremoto de Tocopilla de 2007<\/a>\u00a0(Tocopilla, Chile)<\/span>
\n Terremoto de M\u00e9xico de 1957<\/a>\u00a0(M\u00e9xico)<\/span>
\n R\u00e9plica del Terremoto de Iquique de 2014<\/a>\u00a0(Chile)<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n7,8<\/span><\/td>\n1\u00a0250\u00a0000\u00a0t<\/span><\/td>\nTerremoto de Sichuan de 2008<\/a>\u00a0(China)<\/span>
\n Terremoto de Tarapac\u00e1 de 2005<\/a>\u00a0(Iquique, Chile)<\/span>
\n Terremoto de Nepal de abril de 2015<\/a><\/span>
\n Terremoto de Ecuador de 2016<\/a><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n7,9<\/span><\/td>\n5\u00a0850\u00a0000\u00a0t<\/span><\/td>\nTerremoto de \u00c1ncash de 1970<\/a>\u00a0(Per\u00fa)<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n8,0<\/span><\/td>\n10\u00a0120\u00a0000\u00a0t<\/span><\/td>\nTerremoto del Per\u00fa de 2007<\/a>\u00a0(Pisco, Per\u00fa)<\/span><\/p>\n

Terremoto de Algarrobo de 1985<\/a>\u00a0(Chile)<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n8,1<\/span><\/td>\n16\u00a0460\u00a0000\u00a0t<\/span><\/td>\nTerremoto de M\u00e9xico de 1985<\/a>\u00a0(Michoac\u00e1n, M\u00e9xico)<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n8,2<\/span><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\nTerremoto de Iquique de 2014<\/a>\u00a0(Chile)<\/span><\/p>\n

Terremoto de Valpara\u00edso de 1906<\/a>\u00a0(Chile)<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n8,3<\/span><\/td>\n50\u00a0190\u00a0000\u00a0t<\/span><\/td>\nBomba del Zar<\/a><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n8,4<\/span><\/td>\n50\u00a0190\u00a0000\u00a0t<\/span><\/td>\nTerremoto Illapel, 2015<\/a>\u00a0(Chile)<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n8,5<\/span><\/td>\n119\u00a0500\u00a0000\u00a0t<\/span><\/td>\nTerremoto de Sumatra de 2007<\/a><\/span>
\n Terremoto del sur del Per\u00fa de 2001<\/a>\u00a0(Arequipa, Per\u00fa)<\/span>
\n Terremoto de Valdivia de 1575<\/a>\u00a0(Chile)<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n8,6<\/span><\/td>\n119\u00a0500\u00a0000\u00a0t<\/span><\/td>\nTerremoto de Sumatra de 2012<\/a><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n8,7<\/span><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\nTerremoto de Valpara\u00edso de 1730<\/a>\u00a0(Chile)<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n8,8<\/span><\/td>\n210\u00a0000\u00a0000\u00a0t<\/span><\/td>\nTerremoto de Cobquecura de 2010<\/a>\u00a0(Chile)<\/span>
\n Terremoto de Ecuador y Colombia de 1906<\/a><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n9,0<\/span><\/td>\n240\u00a0000\u00a0000\u00a0t<\/span><\/td>\nTerremoto de Jap\u00f3n de 2011<\/a><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n9,1<\/span><\/td>\n260\u00a0000\u00a0000\u00a0t<\/span><\/td>\nTerremoto del oc\u00e9ano \u00cdndico de 2004<\/a>\u00a0(Sumatra, Indonesia)<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n9,2<\/span><\/td>\n260\u00a0000\u00a0000\u00a0t<\/span><\/td>\nTerremoto de Anchorage de 1964<\/a>\u00a0(Alaska, Estados Unidos)<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n9,5<\/span><\/td>\n290\u00a0000\u00a0000\u00a0t<\/span><\/td>\nTerremoto de Valdivia de 1960<\/a>\u00a0(Chile)<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n10,0<\/span><\/td>\n630\u00a0000\u00a0000\u00a0t<\/span><\/td>\nEstimado para el choque de un\u00a0meteorito<\/a>\u00a0rocoso de 2\u00a0km<\/a>\u00a0de di\u00e1metro que impacte a 25\u00a0km\/s<\/a>\u00a0(90\u00a0000\u00a0km\/h<\/a>)<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

  Efectos t\u00edpicos de los sismos de diversas magnitudes Magnitud (MW=Mayores de 6,9 ML=De 2,0 a 6,9) Descripci\u00f3n Efectos de un sismo Frecuencia de ocurrencia Menos de 2,0 Micro Los microsismos no son perceptibles. Alrededor de 8000 por d\u00eda 2,0-2,9 Menor Generalmente no son perceptibles. Alrededor de 1000 por d\u00eda 3,0-3,9 Perceptibles a menudo, pero … <\/p>\n

Seguir leyendo<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":10723,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-102","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry","nodate","item-wrap"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.espol.edu.ec\/jolureye\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/102","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.espol.edu.ec\/jolureye\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.espol.edu.ec\/jolureye\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.espol.edu.ec\/jolureye\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/10723"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.espol.edu.ec\/jolureye\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=102"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/blog.espol.edu.ec\/jolureye\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/102\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":104,"href":"https:\/\/blog.espol.edu.ec\/jolureye\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/102\/revisions\/104"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.espol.edu.ec\/jolureye\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=102"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}