{"id":94,"date":"2009-07-03T20:37:41","date_gmt":"2009-07-04T01:37:41","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/blog.espol.edu.ec\/macarras\/?page_id=94"},"modified":"2009-07-03T21:58:37","modified_gmt":"2009-07-04T02:58:37","slug":"tipos-de-guitarra","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/blog.espol.edu.ec\/macarras\/tipos-de-guitarra\/","title":{"rendered":"Tipos de Guitarra"},"content":{"rendered":"

<\/a>Guitarras Ac\u00fasticas<\/span><\/strong>: <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


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\nLas modernas guitarras ac\u00fasticas son de dos tipos: con cuerdas de nylon y con cuerdas de acero. Aunque en general las cuerdas de nylon se usan para flamenco y m\u00fasica cl\u00e1sica, y las de acero son m\u00e1s corrientes en folk, blues, jazz y rock, no hay reglas estrictas. Es imposible decir que determinado tipo de guitarra debe usarse para un cierto tipo de m\u00fasica. Adem\u00e1s, de cada modelo existen incontables variaciones de dise\u00f1o, forma, sonido y utilizaci\u00f3n. Y sin embargo, la idea b\u00e1sica de la guitarra ac\u00fastica ha permanecido m\u00e1s o menos inalterada durante m\u00e1s de un siglo. La guitarra de cuerdas de acero es un descendiente directo de la guitarra \u00abespa\u00f1ola\u00bb o \u00abcl\u00e1sica\u00bb, una obra maestra de dise\u00f1o, tanto en t\u00e9rminos de ac\u00fastica como de artesan\u00eda. Todos los fabricantes modernos de guitarras est\u00e1n en deuda con Antonio de Torres Jurado, cuyos dise\u00f1os del siglo pasado siguen utiliz\u00e1ndose para los instrumentos cl\u00e1sicos. El principal desarrollo de la quitarra ac\u00fastica de cuerdas de acero ha sido obra de los fabricantes americanos, y en especial de las compa\u00f1\u00edas Gibson y Martin.<\/span><\/p>\n

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\nCon cuerdas de Nylon:<\/span><\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

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\nCl\u00e1sicas:<\/span><\/strong> La guitarra cl\u00e1sica es la antecesora de todas las guitarras actuales. Las guitarrascl\u00e1sicas se siguenconstruyendo casi exactamente a la manera de Torres, la figura m\u00e1s importante en la historia del dise\u00f1o y construcci\u00f3n de guitarras. Es la guitarra ideal para empezar a tocar. (izquierda)<\/span><\/p>\n


\n<\/strong>
\n<\/strong><\/p>\n

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\nFlamencas: <\/span><\/strong>Su construcci\u00f3n se basa en el dise\u00f1o de la guitarra cl\u00e1sica, conmodificacciones para adaptarla a los requisitos del flamenco: la guitarra de flamenco suele ser un poco m\u00e1s peque\u00f1a que la cl\u00e1sica, y los aros y el fondo son de cipr\u00e9s espa\u00f1ol para producir un sonido m\u00e1s brillante y penetrante, con mayor volumen. (derecha) <\/span><\/p>\n

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\nCon cuerdas de Acero:<\/span><\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

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\nMartin: <\/span><\/strong>Toda la historia de las guitarras ac\u00fasticas est\u00e1n ligadas al nombre de ChristianFrederick Martin, fundador de la compa\u00f1\u00eda que lleva su apellido, compa\u00f1\u00eda que ha hecho y sigue haciendo guitarras de calidad excelente. La casa Martin fabrica gran variedad de guitarras ac\u00fasticas que clasifica seg\u00fan un sistema bastante complejo. (izquierda)<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/strong><\/p>\n

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\nDe tapa arqueada: <\/span><\/strong>Tradicionalmente, la tapa y el fondo de una guitarra arqueada se hacen tallando piezas de madera bastante gruesas y s\u00f3lidas, una t\u00e9cnica que permite un mayor arqueamiento. El modelo de la foto es una Gibson L-5 de 1946 y fue la primera guitarra con agujeros en forma de \"f\".<\/span> (derecha) <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Guitarras El\u00e9ctricas<\/span><\/strong><\/em>:<\/em> <\/span><\/p>\n

Tambi\u00e9n la guitarra el\u00e9ctrica, como la ac\u00fastica de cuerdas de acero, tuvo su origen en Estados Unidos El rasgo distintivo de todas las guitarras el\u00e9ctricas es la pastilla, una unidad fonocaptora que convierte el sonido del instrumento o la vibraci\u00f3n de las cuerdas en una se\u00f1al el\u00e9ctrica. Esta se\u00f1al pasa a un amplificador, y se vuelve a transformar en sonido en un altavoz. Los nombres clave en la evoluci\u00f3n de la moderna guitarra el\u00e9ctrica de caja maciza son Lloyd Loar, Adolph Rickenbacker, Leo Fender y Les Paul. Gran parte del trabajo experimental se realiz\u00f3 en las compa\u00f1\u00edas Fender y Gibson, que siguen dominando el mercado. En los \u00faltimos a\u00f1os los japoneses y otros fabricantes orientales han inundado el mercado e\u00f3n guitarras econ\u00f3micas que dan excelentes resultados. Las mejores de ellas ofrecen una combinaci\u00f3n de calidad y bajo precio que ha hecho conmoverse a toda la industria. Lo cierto es que la gran variedad de modelos existentes, desde los primeros modelos americanos hasta las m\u00e1s recientes guitarras-sintetizadores Roland, puede desconcertar al principiante que trate de elegir una guitarra el\u00e9ctrica.<\/p>\n

<\/a>Fender:<\/em><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\"mstratocasterp\"<\/a>\"mtelecasterp\"<\/a><\/strong> <!-- \/* Font Definitions *\/ @font-face \t{font-family:\"Cambria Math\"; \tpanose-1:2 4 5 3 5 4 6 3 2 4; \tmso-font-charset:0; \tmso-generic-font-family:roman; \tmso-font-pitch:variable; \tmso-font-signature:-1610611985 1107304683 0 0 159 0;} @font-face \t{font-family:Calibri; \tpanose-1:2 15 5 2 2 2 4 3 2 4; \tmso-font-charset:0; \tmso-generic-font-family:swiss; \tmso-font-pitch:variable; \tmso-font-signature:-1610611985 1073750139 0 0 159 0;} \/* Style Definitions *\/ p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal \t{mso-style-unhide:no; \tmso-style-qformat:yes; \tmso-style-parent:\"\"; \tmargin-top:0cm; \tmargin-right:0cm; \tmargin-bottom:10.0pt; \tmargin-left:0cm; \tline-height:115%; \tmso-pagination:widow-orphan; \tfont-size:11.0pt; \tfont-family:\"Calibri\",\"sans-serif\"; \tmso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; \tmso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; \tmso-fareast-font-family:Calibri; \tmso-fareast-theme-font:minor-latin; \tmso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; \tmso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; \tmso-bidi-font-family:\"Times New Roman\"; \tmso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi; \tmso-fareast-language:EN-US;} p \t{mso-style-noshow:yes; \tmso-style-priority:99; \tmso-margin-top-alt:auto; \tmargin-right:0cm; \tmso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; \tmargin-left:0cm; \tmso-pagination:widow-orphan; \tfont-size:12.0pt; \tfont-family:\"Times New Roman\",\"serif\"; \tmso-fareast-font-family:\"Times New Roman\";} .MsoChpDefault \t{mso-style-type:export-only; \tmso-default-props:yes; \tmso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; \tmso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; \tmso-fareast-font-family:Calibri; \tmso-fareast-theme-font:minor-latin; \tmso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; \tmso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; \tmso-bidi-font-family:\"Times New Roman\"; \tmso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi; \tmso-fareast-language:EN-US;} .MsoPapDefault \t{mso-style-type:export-only; \tmargin-bottom:10.0pt; \tline-height:115%;} @page Section1 \t{size:612.0pt 792.0pt; \tmargin:70.85pt 3.0cm 70.85pt 3.0cm; \tmso-header-margin:36.0pt; \tmso-footer-margin:36.0pt; \tmso-paper-source:0;} div.Section1 \t{page:Section1;} -->
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\nStratocaster:<\/strong> Es apropiada para casi todo tipo de repertorios. Es el modelo de guitarra m\u00e1s difundido debido a la variedad de posibilidades sonoras que le brindan sus tres pastillas de bobinado \u00fanico y su selector de pastillas de cinco posiciones, as\u00ed como su palanca de vibrato que la hace especialmente adecuada para el rock duro. (Izquierda)<\/p>\n

<\/strong><\/p>\n

\n

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\nTelecaster: <\/span><\/strong>Naci\u00f3 para la m\u00fasica country (a\u00fan no exist\u00eda el rock); se buscaban los sonidos brillantes de los banjos y de las guitarras met\u00e1licas (la mayor\u00eda de los solos de este g\u00e9nero musical se interpreta con estas guitarras). Pero se adapt\u00f3 muy bien al rock y es utilizada por guitarristas como Bruce Springsteen y Brian Adams. Lleva dos pastillas de bobinado \u00fanico.<\/span> <\/span><\/strong>(derecha) <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\n

<\/a>Gibson:<\/em><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

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\nLes Paul:<\/span><\/strong> La versi\u00f3n m\u00e1s divulgada es la del modelo Standar, que tiene dos pastillas de doble bobinado (humbucker), y un selector con tres posiciones de pastillas. Es muy apropiada para tocar jazz y blues, as\u00ed como diversos temas de los 60 y 70. En los 90 ha resurgido gracias a Guns'n'Roses, Gary Moore y los grupos grunge. (izquierda)<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Gibson Sg: <\/strong><\/span><\/strong>Aunque ahora parezca incre\u00edble esta guitarra surgi\u00f3 como reacci\u00f3n a la escasez de ventas de la Les Pauls en los a\u00f1os cincuenta, por lo que Gibson decidi\u00f3 buscar nuevos dise\u00f1os. El modelo de la foto corresponde a la versi\u00f3n actual de SG, fabricada a partir de 1960, y que se caracteriza por sus dos recortes y bordes afilados. (primera de la derecha)<\/span><\/p>\n

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\nDe caja hueca:<\/strong> Pretende compaginar las cualidades sonoras de una guitarra ac\u00fastica y el sostenimiento de una el\u00e9ctrica, para ello su cuerpo combina una caja hueca con forma de \"f\" con un bloque de madera maciza en el centro para darle mayor sostenimiento y evitar los acoples producido por una excesiva vibraci\u00f3n de la tapa. No es la favorita de los \"rockeros\" y su principal interprete es BB King. (segunda de la derecha)<\/p>\n

Otras Gibson: <\/span><\/strong><\/em>
\n<\/span><\/p>\n

\"mgibson_flyingVp\"<\/a>\"mgibson_firebirdp\"<\/a><\/strong><\/span> <!-- \/* Font Definitions *\/ @font-face \t{font-family:\"Cambria Math\"; \tpanose-1:2 4 5 3 5 4 6 3 2 4; \tmso-font-charset:0; \tmso-generic-font-family:roman; \tmso-font-pitch:variable; \tmso-font-signature:-1610611985 1107304683 0 0 159 0;} @font-face \t{font-family:Calibri; \tpanose-1:2 15 5 2 2 2 4 3 2 4; \tmso-font-charset:0; \tmso-generic-font-family:swiss; \tmso-font-pitch:variable; \tmso-font-signature:-1610611985 1073750139 0 0 159 0;} \/* Style Definitions *\/ p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal \t{mso-style-unhide:no; \tmso-style-qformat:yes; \tmso-style-parent:\"\"; \tmargin-top:0cm; \tmargin-right:0cm; \tmargin-bottom:10.0pt; \tmargin-left:0cm; \tline-height:115%; \tmso-pagination:widow-orphan; \tfont-size:11.0pt; \tfont-family:\"Calibri\",\"sans-serif\"; \tmso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; \tmso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; \tmso-fareast-font-family:Calibri; \tmso-fareast-theme-font:minor-latin; \tmso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; \tmso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; \tmso-bidi-font-family:\"Times New Roman\"; \tmso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi; \tmso-fareast-language:EN-US;} p \t{mso-style-noshow:yes; \tmso-style-priority:99; \tmso-margin-top-alt:auto; \tmargin-right:0cm; \tmso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; \tmargin-left:0cm; \tmso-pagination:widow-orphan; \tfont-size:12.0pt; \tfont-family:\"Times New Roman\",\"serif\"; \tmso-fareast-font-family:\"Times New Roman\";} .MsoChpDefault \t{mso-style-type:export-only; \tmso-default-props:yes; \tmso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; \tmso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; \tmso-fareast-font-family:Calibri; \tmso-fareast-theme-font:minor-latin; \tmso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; \tmso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; \tmso-bidi-font-family:\"Times New Roman\"; \tmso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi; \tmso-fareast-language:EN-US;} .MsoPapDefault \t{mso-style-type:export-only; \tmargin-bottom:10.0pt; \tline-height:115%;} @page Section1 \t{size:612.0pt 792.0pt; \tmargin:70.85pt 3.0cm 70.85pt 3.0cm; \tmso-header-margin:36.0pt; \tmso-footer-margin:36.0pt; \tmso-paper-source:0;} div.Section1 \t{page:Section1;} -->
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\nFlying V:<\/span><\/strong> De las tres guitarras que aparecen en esta secci\u00f3n, la Flying Vfue la mejor recibida. Hendrix fue quien m\u00e1s contribuy\u00f3 a popularizarla. El modelo de la foto es una de las primeras Flying V, hecha en 1958. (Izquierda)
\n
\n<\/span><\/p>\n

Explorer:<\/span><\/strong> En un principio esta guitarra tuvo muchos problemas y se calcula que se hicieron unas cien (que ahora son muy buscadas) hasta que interrumpi\u00f3 su producci\u00f3n en 1959. Era una concepci\u00f3n demasiado futurista para la \u00e9poca, aunque luego se relanz\u00f3 en los setenta. (primera de la derecha)<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Firebird:<\/span><\/strong> Apareci\u00f3 en 1963 como una versi\u00f3n \"rebajada\" de la Explorer, pero se plantearon problemas legales con Fender acerca del dise\u00f1o, y en 1965 Gibson cambi\u00f3 la forma de sus guitarras. La que aparece en la foto es una reproducci\u00f3n de 1972 con sistema de vibrato Maestro. (Segunda de la derecha)<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

<\/a>Otras Guitarras:<\/em><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

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\nRickenbacker: <\/span><\/strong>Adquiri\u00f3 gran prestigio en los a\u00f1os sesenta con sus distintivos dise\u00f1os, como la guitarra de doce cuerdas, cuyo sonido puede oirse en \"Mr Tamborine Man\" de los Byrds, tocada por Roger McGuinn. Este modelo de 1964, de escala corta, era la versi\u00f3n britanica de la Rickenbacker 325. Las Rickenbacker de seis cuerdas tienen un sonido propio, muy diferente del de las Fender y las Gibson. (izquierda)<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Charvel Jackson:<\/strong> Los fabricantes Wayne Charvel y Grover Jackson se unieron en 1978. Empezaron a llamar la atenci\u00f3n con una guitarra de encargo para el difunto Randy Rhoads que es la que aparece en la foto. En los \u00faltimos a\u00f1os, sus distintivos dise\u00f1os se han llegado a identificar con el heavy metal y han sido muy imitados. Pero las Jackson aut\u00e9nticas est\u00e1n hechas con materiales de primer\u00edsima calidad y con m\u00e9todos artesanales, lo que les ha valido el respaldo de muchos guitarristas de rock de primera fila. (primera de la derecha)<\/p>\n

Epiphone: <\/span><\/strong>Esta compa\u00f1\u00eda fue independiente hasta que Gibson la compr\u00f3 en 1957, lo que provoc\u00f3 que gran parte de la maquinaria y del personal fuesen a parar a la compa\u00f1\u00eda Guild. El modelo de la foto es la Epiphone Coronet que fue una de las primeras Epiphone el\u00e9ctricas de cuerpo macizo y fue construida entre 1959 y 1964. (segunda de la derecha)<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


\n<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

<\/object><\/p>\n

http:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=W6QBWO2pq1Y<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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