El caso de Lilly Ledbetter y su consecuente ley homónima pone al descubierto una de las más grandes falacias económicas que ocurren a diario en los distintos países.
Los legisladores de muchos países en respuesta a desaceleraciones económicas o crisis toman medidas que muchas veces no producen los efectos esperados, o peor aún pueden inclusive perjudicar la economía. Es importante reconocer a la economía de un país como una compleja maquina de infinitas interrelaciones entre sus distintas partes para tener una idea clara de las consecuencias de una medida tomada.
Es por esto que preciso hacer un análisis de las causas y consecuencias de las leyes laborales: ¿Cómo influyen en los procesos de selección de mano de obra? ¿Generan o no más empleo? ¿Funcionan de verdad?
Ludwing Von Mises, representante de la Escuela Austriaca de Economía, declaro que el error de la legislación laboral era al asumir la teoría de la explotación del asalariado. Esta teoría plantea que la percepción del empleador es de la persona que viste bien y conduce un buen carro mientras que el trabajador es brutalmente explotado y es sumiso.
Es por esto que los legisladores no pueden entender el funcionamiento real de una empresa. Porque carecen de la educación económica para entender la maximización de producción, minimización de costos, productividad marginal, productividad media y otros conceptos que ayudarían a diseñar mejores leyes laborales y entonces se dejan llevar por las caricaturas dominicales del los periódicos. De tal forma que aprobar una ley laboral en contra de los empleadores es visto como una victoria social y no como lo que es: un desincentivo para la generación de empleo.
Hace algún tiempo atrás, España ante la crisis mundial y el desempleo rampante emitió un lay para reducir el número de horas de trabajo a la semana. No es ninguna broma, esta es una medida verdadera aplicada por un país “desarrollado” para afrontar una crisis mundial.
La lógica del plan es esta: El trabajador X ya no cuenta con el tiempo suficiente para cumplir son sus tareas, lo que ocasiona que su trabajo se acumule. Entonces el empleador se ve obligado a contratar a otro trabajador Y para ayudar a X a cumplir con su trabajo.
Exactamente. Si quisiéramos oír planes anti-crisis mundiales con ese nivel de argumentación le preguntaríamos a un niño de 5 años.
En estados unidos asimismo los legisladores aprobaron el acta de Lilly Ledbetter. Es una ley que amplía la gama de causales de enjuiciamiento por parte de los trabajadores a sus empleadores por discriminación salarial.
En la situación mundial actual, no es momento de crear disyuntivas obrero-patronales, porque juicios de esta magnitud, generalmente solo afectan a las pequeñas y medianas empresas que carecen de los medios para tener un abogado y muchos de estos juicios las suelen destruir. Y son estas empresas, las pequeñas y medianas, que en muchos países sostienen la economía.
Tags: ECONOMIA, empleo, legislacion
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